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MOXIE Enterprises – Frequently Asked Questions


A | General Questions

A.01 | Who is MOXIE Enterprises?

MOXIE Enterprises is a manufacturer of premium surgical instruments. We offer an extensive range of high-quality products backed by a comprehensive 5-year warranty against manufacturing defects. With decades of industry experience, MOXIE is a trusted partner for healthcare professionals worldwide.


A.02 | What products does MOXIE manufacture?

MOXIE offers over 10,000 surgical, dental, and gynecology instruments. Our portfolio includes forceps, scissors, retractors, needle holders, clamps, and specialized tools for virtually every medical and dental procedure.


A.03 | What is MOXIE's warranty policy?

MOXIE provides a 5-Year Limited Warranty on all instruments against breakage, joint failure, and corrosion under normal use.

Coverage Exclusions
Manufacturing defects in materials and workmanship Normal wear and tear
Breakage under normal use Sharpening and minor tip damage
Joint failure Modifications or retipping
Corrosion under normal use Improper cleaning and maintenance

For warranty claims, contact your authorized distributor or MOXIE Customer Service.


A.04 | Are there limitations on MOXIE's warranties?

Yes. MOXIE disclaims liability for damages from:

  • Use of commercial or residential grade washers

  • Improper cleaning solutions or procedures

  • Use of dental automated washer-disinfectors without following manufacturer guidelines

  • Improper setup or installation

Warranty is limited to repair or replacement at MOXIE's option. Consequential or incidental damages are excluded.


A.05 | How can I purchase MOXIE instruments?

MOXIE distributes through an authorized network of distributors and resellers worldwide. For direct purchases, a signed agreement with MOXIE is generally required.

To purchase:

  • Contact an authorized MOXIE distributor in your region

  • Visit our website for distributor information

  • For direct purchases, contact MOXIE Customer Service


A.06 | What is the minimum order quantity?

No minimum order quantity. We serve customers of all sizes, from single instruments to complete surgical kits.


A.07 | How do I find a MOXIE sales representative?

  • Contact your authorized MOXIE distributor

  • Reach out to MOXIE Customer Service directly

  • Visit our website for regional contact information


A.08 | Are MOXIE products certified?

Yes. Our certifications include:

Certification Description
CE Marking Conformity with European health, safety, and environmental standards
ISO Certification Compliance with International Organization for Standardization requirements

A.09 | What is your return or exchange policy?

MOXIE offers a 100% satisfaction guarantee.

Requirement Detail
Timeframe Within 30 days of purchase
Condition Instruments must not have been used or sterilized
Care Compliance Must follow our care guidelines

Contact your authorized distributor or MOXIE Customer Service for return authorization.


A.10 | How can I become a MOXIE distributor?

MOXIE is actively seeking new distributors worldwide.

To apply:

  • Complete our online distributor application form

  • Or contact MOXIE Customer Service with your location and business details

We respond within a few business days.


A.11 | How can I contact MOXIE Customer Service?

Channel Details
Email sales@moxient.com
Phone +92 330 3122225
Online Contact form on our website

B | Surgical Instrument Questions

B.01 | What is stainless steel (inox)?

Stainless steel (inox) is an alloy that resists staining better than ordinary steel. Chromium and nickel are added to iron to create the alloy. While it can stain, discolor, and rust under certain conditions, proper manufacturing and care minimize these risks.

Key Points:

  • Passivation removes surface impurities

  • High polishing creates a protective coating

  • Mat and polished finishes have equal stainless properties

  • Quality surgical stainless steel has a specific, narrowly defined composition


B.02 | What type of steel is used in MOXIE instruments?

MOXIE manufactures instruments from German martensitic stainless steels:

Grade Properties
AISI 421 Superior strength and corrosion resistance
AISI 440 High hardness, excellent edge retention
AISI 440C Maximum hardness, wear resistance

These premium materials offer superior strength, corrosion resistance, and edge retention.


B.03 | How are stainless steel instruments processed and finished?

Passivation:

  • Chemical process removing carbon molecules from the surface

  • Forms a corrosion-resistant seal

Polishing:

  • Achieves a smooth surface

  • Fills microscopic pits

  • Builds a protective chromium oxide layer

Important: The chromium oxide layer builds over time through regular handling and sterilization. This is why older instruments may appear more corrosion-resistant. Improper cleaning can damage this protective layer.


B.04 | What is the difference between tungsten carbide and stainless steel instruments?

Feature Tungsten Carbide (TC) Stainless Steel
Hardness One of the hardest materials known (C-86) Standard
Edge Retention Up to 5× longer Standard
Durability Superior Good
Cost ~2× higher Standard
Lifespan Up to 5× longer Standard

Special Care for TC Instruments:

  • Use corrosion inhibitors in ultrasonic cleaners

  • Follow manufacturer's dilution instructions

  • Ensure complete drying during sterilization

  • Use surgical milk (e.g., MOXIE's "Cleanlact") for protection


B.05 | What does the gold handle on instruments mean?

Indication Description
Tungsten Carbide (TC) Inserts Most common – TC on working surfaces for enhanced durability
Super-Cut Razor edge – one regular edge, one sharp-knife edge
Wellenschliff (Wave Cut) Serrated edge – prevents tissue slippage

Benefits of Tungsten Carbide:

  • Superior wear resistance

  • Enhanced corrosion resistance

  • Improved grip and cutting performance

  • Manufactured through high-temperature sintering (1454°C to 3200°C)


B.06 | Why choose titanium instruments?

Advantage Detail
Lightweight 40% lighter than stainless steel with equal strength
Corrosion-Resistant Forms stable protective surface layers
Strength-to-Weight Ratio Excellent
Non-Allergenic Biocompatible and bactericidal
Heat-Resistant Sterilizable up to 440°C (824°F)

Limitations:

  • Wears down faster than stainless steel

  • More expensive due to complex machining

  • Should not be sterilized with stainless steel instruments

Specifications: Alloyed with 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium.


B.07 | Can two of the same instruments be different?

Yes. High-quality surgical instruments are often handmade, leading to minor variations in dimensions. These slight differences are normal and do not affect performance or quality.


B.08 | What if I cannot find a particular instrument in the catalog?

As a manufacturer, MOXIE can develop custom products. Contact your authorized distributor or MOXIE Customer Service to discuss your specific requirements.


B.09 | Can I get a customized surgical kit?

Yes. If our standard kits do not meet your needs, MOXIE can tailor a kit to your specifications. You can create your own kit with the desired items.


B.10 | Does MOXIE modify instruments or create custom designs?

Yes. MOXIE offers instrument modification and custom design services.

To submit a new product idea:

  1. Request and sign the MOXIE policy form for submitting ideas

  2. Submit your designs for review

  3. MOXIE will evaluate feasibility and provide a quotation

  4. All designs and samples will be returned if not adopted

Contact your authorized distributor or MOXIE Customer Service for more information.


C | Cleaning, Maintenance & Sterilization Questions

C.01 | How should I clean my instruments?

Basic Cleaning Protocol:

  1. Rinse in pH-neutral distilled water

  2. Remove blood and debris

  3. Use fresh neutral pH solvent

  4. Use a soft brush for tough cleaning

Steam Autoclave Considerations:

  • Use manufacturer's instructions for your autoclave

  • Use clean, neutral pH distilled water

  • Do not mix high-quality instruments with inferior quality

  • Ensure full drying cycle is complete

Preventing Joint Dampness:

  • Ensure complete drying cycle

  • Apply silicone grease inside the joint

  • Use air canister or hair dryer to remove moisture


C.02 | What is a central instrument processing area?

All instrument cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing should occur in a designated central processing area.

Area Function
Receiving, Cleaning, Decontamination Contaminated items only
Preparation, Maintenance, Packaging Clean items only
Sterilization Sterilization equipment
Storage Sterile and disposable items

Purpose: Physical separation prevents contamination and ensures quality control.


C.03 | Why must instruments be cleaned before sterilization?

  • Cleaning removes organic and inorganic debris

  • Visible debris interferes with microbial inactivation

  • Debris can compromise the disinfection or sterilization process

Remember: Sterilization does NOT clean.


C.04 | Which is the best cleaning method: manual or automated?

Method Best For
Ultrasonic Cleaning Regular instruments (hand instruments, forceps)
Manual Cleaning Delicate instruments, sharp instruments, non-100% steel instruments

Advantages of Automated Cleaning:

  • Increases productivity

  • Improves cleaning effectiveness

  • Decreases worker exposure to blood and body fluids

  • Safer than manual cleaning

  • No need for presoaking or scrubbing


C.05 | How do I perform manual cleaning?

Step Action
Immediate Action Place instruments in container with detergent, disinfectant, or enzymatic cleaner to prevent drying
Use Proper Brushes Stiff plastic cleaning brushes (DB-11, DB-12, nylon toothbrush). Do NOT use steel wool or wire brushes except on bone files or knurled handles
Handle Carefully Brush delicate instruments separately. Use long-handled brushes to keep hands away from sharp instruments
Ensure Visibility All instrument surfaces must be visibly clean – no stains or tissue residues
Thorough Rinsing Rinse under running water. Open and close hinged instruments during rinsing. Ensure hinge areas are fully rinsed

C.06 | How do I perform ultrasonic cleaning?

Advantages:

  • Safer than hand scrubbing

  • Most effective cleaning method

  • Reduces contamination risk from splatter

  • Efficient use of staff time

Steps:

  1. Sort instruments carefully – include only compatible instruments

  2. Ensure sharp edges do not touch other instruments

  3. Do not combine different metals (chrome-plated, stainless, copper, titanium)

  4. Change solution frequently to prevent microorganism accumulation

  5. After rinsing, inspect and dry thoroughly before sterilization

DO NOT Ultrasonically Clean:

  • Very delicate instruments

  • Instruments with sharp cutting edges (scissors, needle holders, bone forceps)

  • Non-100% steel instruments (rubber, mouth mirrors, titanium)

  • Tungsten carbide inserts or diamond-dusted tips


C.07 | Can I use bleach to clean my instruments?

NEVER use bleach. Bleach's high pH causes:

  • Surface deposits of brown stains

  • Corrosion

  • Permanent instrument damage

Even high-quality stainless steel is not impervious to acidic bleach solutions.


C.08 | What personal protective equipment is needed?

PPE Required
Puncture-resistant, heavy-duty utility gloves
Facemask
Eye protection or face shield
Gown or jacket

Additional Guidelines:

  • Handle instruments as contaminated until processed

  • Do not reach into trays holding sharp instruments you cannot see

  • Remove instruments using forceps or empty onto a towel


C.09 | My scissors are stiff – how do I fix them?

  1. Clean instruments in a neutral pH detergent solution with distilled water

  2. Apply a surgical instrument lubricant (instrument milk) following manufacturer's directions


C.10 | Why sharpen instruments?

Benefits of Sharp Instruments:

  • Reduce hand and wrist fatigue

  • Improve tactile sensitivity

  • Enhance cutting action

  • Save time

  • Minimize patient discomfort

Stone Type Grit
Arkansas Stones Fine
India Stones Coarse

C.11 | How to sharpen surgical instruments?

  1. Place one drop of Sharpen Oil (DB-OL) on the stone for lubrication

  2. Hold the instrument in one hand; apply the stone to the lateral surface

  3. Position the stone at the heel and work toward the tip

  4. Use short strokes, more pressure on the down stroke

  5. Keep the instrument still (move the stone)

  6. Finish with a down stroke to prevent rough edges

  7. Test sharpness with Teflon testing stick (DB-15)

Special Techniques:

  • Sickle Scalar Toe End: Hold stone straight as it nears the tip

  • Curette Toe End: Adapt stone to the rounded cross-section


C.12 | Why should I lubricate surgical instruments?

Benefit Description
Prevents Spotting Mineral deposits from water cause white spots
Prevents Corrosion Lubricant seals the metal surface
Reduces Friction Keeps instrument action light, delicate, and smooth
Extends Instrument Life Reduces wear at joints

Passivation Layer:

  • Develops with proper handling and lubrication

  • Thin, hard coating like oxidation

  • Resists staining and rusting


C.13 | What is sterilization?

Sterilization: A procedure that removes all pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Technique Effectiveness
Autoclave (Steam Sterilization) Most common and effective
Chemiclave (Chemical Sterilization) Alternative method
Dry Heat Sterilization Not recommended

Important: Ultrasonic cleaning does NOT sterilize instruments.


C.14 | Do joint and hinge instruments require special care during sterilization?

YES.

Requirement Reason
Lubricate the hinge Ensures smooth operation
Sterilize in the "open" position Ensures sterility, prevents "heat expansion" damage, prevents cracking of jaws
Titanium instruments Should not be sterilized with stainless steel instruments

C.15 | How do I perform steam sterilization (autoclave)?

Recommended Method: Steam autoclave using a pre-vacuum (forced air removal) cycle.

Parameter Recommendation
Time 5-15 minutes
Temperature 132°-135°C (270°-275°F)
Sterilizing Agent Distilled water

Advantages:

  • Highly effective

  • Nontoxic

  • Inexpensive

  • Rapid heating

  • Rapid instrument penetration

Disadvantages:

  • Items must be heat and moisture resistant

  • Needs good maintenance


C.16 | How do I perform chemical sterilization (chemiclave)?

Instruments are treated with high-pressure chemical steam. Instruments must be dried before sterilization.

Parameter Recommendation
Time 5-15 minutes
Temperature 132°-135°C (270°-275°F)
Sterilizing Agent Special chemical solutions

Advantages:

  • Minimal dulling, rusting, and corrosion

  • Low-humidity process

  • Shorter heat-up time than steam

  • Easy to operate

Disadvantages:

  • Needs adequate ventilation (flammable)

  • Vapo-Sterile solution contains formaldehyde (potential carcinogen)

  • Requires special disposal procedure


C.17 | How do I perform dry heat sterilization?

NOT RECOMMENDED – Does not guarantee reliable sterilization and gradually causes damage.

Parameter Recommendation
Time 60-90 minutes
Temperature 160°-170°C (320°-340°F)

Disadvantages:

  • Long exposure time required

  • Very high temperatures cause surface blackening and dullness

  • Specialized packaging needed


C.18 | How should I perform general instrument care?

Prevention is the Best Approach.

Practice Action
Water Quality Use "treated water"
Cleaning Perform careful preliminary cleaning
Solutions Use neutralized pH solutions
Instructions Follow manufacturer's instructions
Inspection Conduct visual inspections
Response Act quickly if problems arise

New Instruments Protocol:

  • Must be processed before use

  • Must undergo the entire cleaning process

  • Remove production oil before sterilization

  • Do not take from packaging directly to sterilizer


C.19 | What factors affect instrument care?

Water Quality:

  • Regular tap water is NOT appropriate

  • High chloride and lime cause staining and damage

  • Minerals can lead to pitting

  • Use fully desalinated water

Corrosive Agents – NEVER EXPOSE INSTRUMENTS TO:

  • Aqua regia

  • Ferric chloride

  • Hydrochloric acid

  • Iodine

  • Sulfuric acid

If Exposed: Rinse immediately with copious amounts of water.


C.20 | How to diagnose spots and stains?

Stain Type Cause
Brown/Orange High-pH detergents, chlorhexidine, tap water
Dark Brown Low-pH solutions, malfunctioning sterilizer, baked-on blood
Bluish Black Reverse plating (mixing different metals), exposure to saline, blood, or potassium chloride
Black Contact with ammonia or ammonia-containing solution
Light/Dark Spots Water droplets drying with minerals (sodium, calcium, magnesium)
Rust Deposits Dried, baked-on blood or soaking in tap water

C.21 | How to remove stains?

The Eraser Test (to distinguish stains from rust):

  1. Rub a pencil eraser over the discoloration

  2. If discoloration is removed and metal is smooth underneath → STAIN (removable)

  3. If a pit mark appears underneath → CORROSION or RUST (permanent damage)


C.22 | Does MOXIE offer sharpening and repair services?

Yes. Complete servicing is available depending on your region.

Services Offered:

  • Sharpening

  • Replacement of tungsten carbide inserts on needle holders

  • Cleaning and repolishing

  • Etching

Contact your authorized distributor or MOXIE Customer Service for service availability in your area.


C.23 | Important Warnings

Warning Detail
Warranty Expiration Warranty expires with improper care, maintenance, or use
No Defined Use Limits Useful life depends on method/duration of each use, handling between uses, and careful inspection
New Instruments Must undergo entire cleaning process before use
No Oxidized/Rusty Instruments Do not put in sterilizing solutions – they can attack other instruments
Damaged Tools Should not be used – cannot perform function and may spread contamination
Sterilization ≠ Cleaning Sterilization does not replace cleaning and maintenance
Ultrasonic ≠ Sterilization Ultrasonic cleaning does not sterilize
EU Directive Compliance MOXIE instruments are subject to Directive 93/42/EEC and should be discarded according to regional regulations

C.24 | References and Additional Resources

Resource Description
MOXIE Instructions "Instructions and Methods of Use" for detailed information
AKI (Arbeitskreis Instrumentenaufbereitung) Instrument Reprocessing Working Group. Founded in Germany in 1976. Publishes expertise on safety and value retention of medical instruments. Website: www.a-k-i.org

D | Critical, Semi-Critical & Non-Critical Instruments

D.01 | What are critical, semi-critical, and non-critical instruments?

The Spaulding Classification system categorizes reusable medical instruments based on infection transmission risk.

Classification Patient Contact Required Processing
Critical Sterile tissue or bloodstream Cleaning + Sterilization
Semi-Critical Mucous membranes or non-intact skin Cleaning + High-Level Disinfection (HLD)
Non-Critical Intact skin only Cleaning + Low-Level Disinfection

D.02 | What is the difference between sterilization and high-level disinfection?

Process Effectiveness
Sterilization Eliminates all microorganisms, including bacterial spores
High-Level Disinfection Kills vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses, but may not eliminate high numbers of bacterial spores

E | Metzenbaum Dissecting Scissors

E.01 | What are Metzenbaum scissors?

Metzenbaum scissors are precision surgical instruments for cutting and dissecting delicate soft tissue, developed by Dr. Myron Metzenbaum in the 1930s.

Key Characteristics:

  • Long handle-to-short blade ratio

  • Thin, delicate blades

  • Blunt tips

  • Available straight or curved

  • Typically 14-25 cm in length


E.02 | What are the main applications of Metzenbaum scissors?

  • Plastic and reconstructive surgery

  • Neurosurgery

  • Ophthalmology

  • General surgery (organ-related operations)

  • Dissecting fascia and connective tissue

The long handle-to-blade ratio provides finite control in small or anatomically vulnerable areas.


E.03 | What is the difference between Metzenbaum and Mayo scissors?

Feature Metzenbaum Scissors Mayo Scissors
Handle length Long Short
Blade length Short Long
Blade thickness Thin, delicate Thick, sturdy
Primary use Delicate tissue dissection Cutting heavy tissue, sutures
Size Smaller Larger

Metzenbaum scissors offer more control but less force generation. Mayo scissors are heavier and used for cutting thick tissue.


E.04 | What does a gold handle on Metzenbaum scissors mean?

A gold handle typically indicates tungsten carbide (TC) inserts on the cutting surfaces. TC edges resist dulling and remain sharp longer than stainless steel. Tungsten carbide scissors can last up to five times longer than standard stainless steel instruments.


E.05 | What are the different Metzenbaum scissors variants?

Variant Description
Straight For direct, superficial cutting
Curved For deep or confined spaces
Blunt/Blunt Standard, reduces tissue trauma
Sharp/Sharp For more precise cuts
Super Cut Razor edge – one regular edge, one sharp-knife edge
Wellenschliff Wave cut prevents tissue slippage
Tungsten Carbide TC inserts for extended sharpness

E.06 | What are the care requirements for Metzenbaum scissors?

Avoid:

  • Using on hard tissue (damages blades)

  • Cutting too close to the joint (reduces precision)

  • Neglecting sharpening

  • Cutting sutures, drains, or heavy tissue

For detailed cleaning and sterilization instructions, refer to Section C.


E.07 | Are Metzenbaum scissors critical or semi-critical instruments?

Metzenbaum scissors are critical instruments. They enter sterile tissue during surgical procedures and must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before each use.


F | Micro-Mosquito Hemostats

F.01 | What are micro-mosquito hemostats?

Micro-mosquito hemostats are smaller, more delicate versions of standard mosquito forceps for extremely fine surgical procedures.

Key Features:

  • Ultra-fine tips (as small as 0.4 mm)

  • Extra-delicate serrations

  • Compact size: 10-12.5 cm (4-5 inches)

  • Available straight, curved, or angled 90°


F.02 | What are the common applications of micro-mosquito hemostats?

  • Microsurgery

  • Plastic and reconstructive surgery

  • Neurosurgery

  • Ophthalmology

  • Pediatric surgery

  • Veterinary surgery (small animals, avian)


F.03 | What is the difference between standard and micro-mosquito hemostats?

Feature Standard Mosquito Micro-Mosquito
Tip size Standard fine Ultra-fine (0.4 mm)
Length 9-12.5 cm 10-12.5 cm
Serrations Standard Extra-delicate available
Grip technique Palm grip Fingertip grip
Tissue trauma Minimal Even lower

F.04 | What configurations are available for micro-mosquito hemostats?

  • Straight: Direct access

  • Curved: Reaching around structures

  • Angled 90°: Specialized access

Tip widths are typically 1.3 mm.


F.05 | What are the care requirements for micro-mosquito hemostats?

  • Clean immediately after use to prevent biological material from drying

  • Sterilize according to hospital protocol

  • Inspect regularly for tip misalignment or damage

  • Store properly to prevent damage to fine tips


F.06 | Are micro-mosquito hemostats critical instruments?

Yes. Micro-mosquito hemostats are critical instruments. They are used to clamp blood vessels and enter sterile tissue during surgical procedures. They must be sterilized before each use.


G | Gelpi Retractor

G.01 | What is a Gelpi retractor?

The Gelpi retractor is a self-retaining surgical instrument for holding incisions open and retracting soft tissues. It creates point loading through sharp prongs, making it particularly useful for small, deep surgical sites.

Key Features:

  • Straight shank with one sharp prong on each tip

  • Prongs turned outward at 90 degrees

  • Ratchet lock for hands-free operation

  • Available in various sizes (3.5-6 inches / 9-15 cm)


G.02 | What are the common applications of a Gelpi retractor?

  • Neurosurgery (deep surgical sites)

  • Orthopedic surgery (tendon repair, joint surgery)

  • Spinal surgery

  • Dermatology (small incision procedures)

  • General surgery

  • Plastic surgery


G.03 | What is the difference between a Gelpi and a Weitlaner retractor?

Feature Gelpi Retractor Weitlaner Retractor
Prong count 1×1 (2 prongs total) 3×4, 3×3, or 2×3
Force distribution Point loading Distributed
Tissue trauma Higher (localized) Lower per contact point
Best for Small, deep, precise sites General retraction, larger wounds

G.04 | What does "point loading" mean for a Gelpi retractor?

Point loading means the retraction force concentrates through the two sharp prongs.

Advantages Disadvantages
Strong, focused retraction Higher localized tissue pressure
Secure anchorage in dense tissue Potential for tissue damage
Minimal slippage  

G.05 | What variants of Gelpi retractors are available?

Variant Description
Standard Sharp prongs, straight shanks
9 cm Smaller version for shallow incisions
6 inch Standard length
Super Mini Approximately half the standard size
Blunt tip Less traumatic, less secure

G.06 | Is a Gelpi retractor a critical instrument?

Yes. The Gelpi retractor enters surgical incisions and contacts sterile tissue. It must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before each use.


G.07 | Why is the 9 cm Gelpi retractor important?

The 9 cm Gelpi retractor is the shortest standard size, ideal for:

  • Shallow or small incisions

  • Pediatric procedures

  • Superficial surgical sites

  • Procedures requiring precise, localized retraction


H | Hysterectomy: Procedure, Approaches & Essential Instruments

H.01 | What is a hysterectomy?

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the womb (uterus). After a hysterectomy, the patient no longer menstruates and cannot become pregnant. It is one of the most common gynecological surgical interventions worldwide.

Common Indications:

  • Uterine fibroids

  • Endometriosis

  • Uterine prolapse

  • Gynecological cancers

  • Abnormal uterine bleeding

  • Chronic pelvic pain


H.02 | What are the different types of hysterectomy?

Type Organs Removed Description
Total Hysterectomy Uterus + Cervix Most common type
Subtotal (Supracervical) Uterus only Cervix left in place
Total with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy Uterus + Cervix + Fallopian tubes + Ovaries Removes both ovaries and tubes
Radical Hysterectomy Uterus + Cervix + Part of vagina + Ovaries + Tubes + Lymph nodes + Fatty tissue For gynecological cancers

The type depends on the patient's condition and reason for surgery. The doctor will discuss options with the patient.


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